Dyslipidemia: Most Effective Supplements

Dyslipidemias are lipid metabolism disorders characterized by abnormal levels of cholesterol or triglycerides in the blood. These abnormalities may include elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hypertriglyceridemia, or a combination of these factors.

Epidemiology

Dyslipidemias are common in the general population and represent a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. They are particularly prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes, affecting nearly 50% of this population. Studies show that lipid abnormalities, especially increased LDL-C and decreased HDL-C, raise the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction and strokes.

Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of dyslipidemias involves imbalances in the production, transportation, and elimination of lipoproteins. LDL-C, often referred to as "bad cholesterol," is particularly atherogenic since it contributes to plaque formation in the arteries. Conversely, HDL-C, or "good cholesterol," plays a protective role by facilitating the transport of cholesterol from the arteries to the liver for elimination. Abnormalities such as LDL oxidation and the presence of small, dense LDL particles increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Risk Factors

The main risk factors for dyslipidemias include:  Genetics: Family history of dyslipidemia.  Diet: Diet rich in saturated and trans fats.  Lifestyle: Sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol consumption.  Comorbidities: Diabetes, obesity, hypertension.  Age and Gender: Risk increases with age and is higher in men and postmenopausal women.

Treatment

The treatment of dyslipidemias relies on a combination of lifestyle modifications and medications:  Lifestyle Modifications: Balanced diet rich in fiber and low in saturated fats, increased physical activity, weight loss, reduced alcohol consumption.  Medications: Statins are the first-line drugs to reduce LDL-C. Fibrates, cholesterol absorption inhibitors (such as ezetimibe), and nicotinic acids may be used additionally to manage elevated triglycerides and increase HDL-C.