Thyroid Balance: Most Effective Dietary Supplements

The thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, produces two main hormones: T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine). These hormones are essential for the overall functioning of the body. Their synthesis relies on the availability of iodine, the amino acid tyrosine, and several enzymatic cofactors such as selenium and zinc. Thyroid hormones play a fundamental role in the regulation of metabolism. T3, the active form, is involved in: • Thermogenesis: increasing body heat production via mitochondria. • Energy metabolism: stimulation of glycolysis and lipolysis, promoting energy production. • Growth: regulation of bone and brain development, particularly during childhood. • Cardiovascular function: increase in heart rate and blood flow. • Nervous system: optimization of memory, concentration, and reflexes.

The Delicate Balance of Thyroid Hormones

The regulation of thyroid hormones relies on a feedback system involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and the thyroid itself. This mechanism ensures that the levels of T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) in the blood remain within optimal limits to meet the body's needs. The hypothalamus detects hormonal needs and releases TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone), which stimulates the pituitary gland. In response, the latter produces TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), a key hormone that acts directly on the thyroid. Under the influence of TSH, the thyroid synthesizes and releases T4, a mostly inactive hormone, and T3, its active form. Most of the T4 is converted into T3 in peripheral tissues, notably the liver and kidneys, thanks to enzymes called deiodinases. T3 is responsible for the major biological effects of thyroid hormones, while T4 acts as a circulating reserve.

Importance of Proper Nutrition

To maintain a healthy thyroid, it's essential to understand the risk factors that can inhibit its function and the nutrients that support its balance. Among the inhibitors are stress, infections, trauma, and exposure to fluorides, bromides, pesticides, and heavy metals. Certain diseases, such as celiac disease, can also disrupt its function. Conversely, specific nutrients play a key role in supporting the thyroid: iodine, iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, tyrosine, and vitamins such as A, B2, B3, B6, C, D, and E. These elements promote the production of T4 and its conversion to T3, ensuring optimal energy and metabolism regulation.