Uterine Fibroids: Most Effective Dietary Supplements

A uterine fibroid, also called a leiomyoma, is a benign tumor of the uterus that develops from the smooth muscle of the myometrium. It appears as well-defined, rounded masses and can be located in different parts of the uterus. There are several types of fibroids depending on their location: submucosal fibroid (located under the uterine lining, protruding into the uterine cavity), intramural fibroid (located within the thickness of the myometrium), transmural fibroid (in contact with the endometrium and serosa), and subserosal fibroid (located on the periphery of the uterus).

Etiopathogenesis

Uterine fibroids develop in a context of relative hyperestrogenism, often associated with endometrial hyperplasia. This hormonal condition promotes the growth of fibroids. Several risk factors have been identified, including age, with the majority of fibroids appearing in women aged 30 to 50, as well as ethnicity, with women of African descent having a higher risk. A family history of fibroids can also increase the risk of developing this condition.

Symptoms

Uterine fibroids can be asymptomatic or cause various symptoms depending on their size, number, and location. Common manifestations include menorrhagia, abnormal uterine bleeding that can be heavy. Women may also experience menorrhagia and hypermenorrhea, with particularly heavy and prolonged menstrual periods. Pelvic pain, characterized by a feeling of heaviness or discomfort in the lower abdomen, may occur. There may also be an increase in abdominal volume. If nearby organs are compressed, symptoms such as frequent urination, urinary retention, incontinence, or rectal compression leading to difficulty defecating may occur.

Complications

Fibroids can cause several complications, including iron-deficiency anemia due to chronic heavy bleeding. Another frequent complication is aseptic necrobiosis, which corresponds to degeneration of the fibroid, especially during pregnancy. Symptoms include fever, pelvic pain, and menorrhagia. Moreover, compression of adjacent organs can lead to kidney colic, hydronephrosis, and urinary disorders such as urinary retention. Other signs include lower limb edema or paresthesia.

Treatment

The management of uterine fibroids relies on an individualized approach, tailored to the severity of symptoms, the location of fibroids, and the patient's fertility desires. Options include: • GnRH Agonists (e.g., Decapeptyl, Eligard): These treatments induce a reversible menopause to reduce the size of fibroids before surgery, though they are used short-term due to their side effects, including bone demineralization. • Exogenous Progestogens (Utrogestan, Duphaston, Lutényl): They help reduce bleeding but may lead to weight gain, fluid retention, or exacerbation of venous disorders. • Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Raloxifene is sometimes used to reduce fibroid size. • Tranexamic Acid (Exacyl): This antifibrinolytic reduces heavy bleeding associated with fibroids. • Surgery: Surgery is indicated for large or symptomatic fibroids. Options include hysteroscopic resection for submucosal fibroids, myomectomy to preserve fertility, or hysterectomy for severe cases.

Naturopathic Protocols

To support the natural management of uterine fibroids, several strategies can be considered: • Regulation of hyperestrogenism: Plants such as chaste tree, yarrow, and lady's mantle promote hormonal balance by reducing estrogen dominance. Gemmotherapy, with buds of bilberry, also supports hormonal balance. • Management of bleeding: Witch hazel is effective for reducing uterine bleeding due to its hemostatic properties. • Detoxification and liver support: Plants like milk thistle, desmodium, and artichoke support liver functions, improving estrogen metabolism. • Support of connective tissue: Plants rich in silica like horsetail strengthen connective tissue, reducing the risk of fibrosis. Organic silicon, taken in a course twice a year, complements this protocol. • Management of stress and inflammation: Adaptogenic plants such as rhodiola or ashwagandha decrease susceptibility to stress, a factor exacerbating hormonal imbalances. In case of pain, natural anti-inflammatories like turmeric can be useful, provided contraindications are followed.