Hypertension: Most Effective Dietary Supplements

Hypertension is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a persistent elevation of blood pressure. This pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg), with two values: systolic pressure (when the heart contracts) and diastolic pressure (when the heart is at rest). The clinical values considered are a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 140 mmHg or higher and/or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90 mmHg or higher. Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases. It affects about one-third of adults, and its incidence increases with age. Among people over 65, 65% are affected. In France, around 11 million people are treated for hypertension, but only half reach the recommended blood pressure targets.

Symptoms and Complications

Hypertension may develop without any apparent symptoms for years. However, in advanced stages, it may cause headaches, dizziness, ringing in the ears, or blurred vision. If untreated, hypertension significantly increases the risk of serious complications such as: • Stroke • Heart attack • Heart failure • Kidney failure

Risk Factors

Hypertension can be caused by various factors. Some are non-modifiable, such as age, family history, and gender (it affects men more). However, factors like obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, a high-salt diet, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and low potassium intake can be modified through lifestyle changes. Underlying medical conditions such as diabetes and kidney failure also increase the risk of developing hypertension.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of hypertension is based on repeated blood pressure measurements on several occasions and under different circumstances, to avoid temporary variations due to stress or other factors. It is advised to use a cuff and an electronic device to measure blood pressure at home. Ambulatory 24-hour measures can also be carried out to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Initial measures include lifestyle changes such as reducing salt intake (less than 6 g/day), weight loss, increasing physical activity, eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, reducing alcohol intake, and quitting smoking. If lifestyle modifications are insufficient to control hypertension, medication is necessary. The main classes of drugs used are: • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) • Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) • Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) • Thiazide diuretics Combinations of medications are often preferred to enhance effectiveness and reduce side effects..

Prevention

The prevention of hypertension is mainly based on the same hygienic and dietary measures recommended for its management: • Reduction of salt intake • Maintaining a healthy weight • Regular physical activity • Moderate alcohol consumption • Smoking cessation • Balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low in saturated fats.