Metabolic Syndrome: Most Effective Dietary Supplements

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic disorders that simultaneously manifest in an individual. These disorders include abdominal obesity (fat accumulation around the belly), high levels of triglycerides, reduced "good" cholesterol (HDL), high blood sugar, and high blood pressure. These abnormalities significantly increase the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

Pathophysiology

Metabolic syndrome is linked to several mechanisms. Abdominal obesity plays a central role by contributing to insulin resistance, a condition where the body no longer responds well to this hormone. This leads to improper regulation of blood sugar and promotes fat storage in organs like the liver and muscles. Insulin resistance, often associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, contributes to increased blood sugar and lipid levels, impairing blood vessel function and thereby elevating the risk of heart disease. Oxidative stress and inflammation worsen damage to blood vessels and promote atherosclerosis.

Risk Factors

Abdominal obesity is a major factor, measured by a waist circumference greater than 94 cm in men and 80 cm in women. Lack of physical activity and a diet high in simple sugars and saturated fats also promote the development of this syndrome. Additionally, a genetic predisposition can increase the risk for some individuals.

Diagnosis

To diagnose metabolic syndrome, several criteria are assessed. Typically, you need to present abdominal obesity associated with at least two of the following factors: fasting blood sugar greater than or equal to 5.6 mmol/l, triglyceride levels greater than or equal to 1.7 mmol/l, HDL levels less than 1.03 mmol/l in men and 1.29 mmol/l in women, or blood pressure greater than or equal to 130/85 mmHg.

Complications

Metabolic syndrome significantly increases the risk of serious complications, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance can promote the onset of diabetes, while inflammation and poor regulation of lipids in the blood increase the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. Chronic inflammation also affects blood vessel health, promoting atherosclerosis.

Treatment

The treatment of metabolic syndrome primarily involves lifestyle changes. A modest weight loss and increased physical activity can improve insulin sensitivity, reduce blood lipid levels, and better control blood pressure. Additionally, medications such as fibrates or statins may be used to treat lipid disorders, and antihypertensives to manage blood pressure. In some patients at risk of diabetes, metformin may be prescribed to improve insulin response.