Calanus Oil: benefits, dosage, contraindications
Other name(s)
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Scientific name(s)
calanus finmarchicus
Family or group:
Fatty Acids, Aquatic Organisms
Active ingredients:
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)
Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)
Stearidonic Acid (SDA)
Astaxanthin
Indications
Rating methodology
EFSA approval.
Weight control ✪✪✪✪✪
In a randomized controlled monocentric parallel group trial on 134 healthy and untrained participants, the group that combined physical exercise and 2g/day Calanus oil supplementation benefited the most from changes in body composition, notably fat mass (61.41 f 2.13 kg, 0
Posologie
Oral
2 g
Metabolic Syndrome ✪✪✪✪✪
Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, is associated with chronic local inflammation with progressive infiltration of immune cells into adipose tissue. Thus, the excess of visceral adipose tissue and the resulting inflammation play a central role in the development of diseases, notably metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. It has been demonstrated in several studies that omega-3 fatty acids may be associated with lower plasma levels of inflammatory biomarkers in diabetic patients. The main mechanisms that may explain the anti-inflammatory action are changes in the activation of pro- and anti-inflammatory transcription factors and their target genes. For example, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids limit the activation of TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) by inhibiting the translocation of TLR4 to lipid rafts. It should be noted that the activation of TLR4 triggers a signaling pathway that activates NF-κB and the transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP1), leading to an increase in inflammation. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids further reduce the inflammatory effect of NF-κB and AP1 by binding to the G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). GPR120 is strongly expressed in macrophages and adipocytes. Both cell types play a crucial role in obesity and the development of underlying chronic inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Activation of GPR120 in macrophages has anti-inflammatory effects. Activation of GPR120 in adipocytes stimulates adipocyte differentiation and improves insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake. It has been shown that the expression of GPR120 and other free fatty acid receptors (GPR40 and GPR119) is more abundant in the lower part of the intestine, particularly in the colon. Calanus oil acts on inflammation as a source of omega-3 fatty acids, and on the activation of GPR120 receptors on macrophages, adipocytes, and intestinal cells as a source of SDA (7% content, which is higher than other fish oils). SDA is one of the most potent fatty acids for activating GPR120. Finally, the wax esters of calanus oil, being more hydrophobic than dietary triacylglycerol, may have a longer retention time to facilitate hydrolysis and absorption. Therefore, wax esters can act as a natural delayed release of GPR120 stimulators, such as SDA, EPA, and DHA, in the lower part of the intestine.
Posologie
Oral route
2 g
Properties
Metabolic
Omega 3 in fish oils generally come as triglycerides, ethyl esters, and phospholipids, unlike Calanus oil, which contains wax esters that digest more slowly than ethyl esters or triglycerides from fish oil, allowing interaction with GPR120 receptors. The interaction with receptors leads to metabolic effects and a reduction in hepatic and intra-abdominal fat deposition and provides increased insulin sensitivity. The digestion of wax esters releases unsaturated fatty acids in the colon and activates GPR120 receptors in immune cells that secrete hormones, controlling the metabolism of sugars and fats. In an animal study, Calanus oil showed anti-obesity properties in a diet-induced obese mouse model. It was observed that feeding mice a supplement containing 2% wax esters of Calanus for 11 weeks reduced the weight gain of mice fed a high-fat diet. In another study on mice fed a high-fat diet, consumption of a diet high in Calanus oil reduced adipocyte size as well as weight gain, decreased fat around the abdomen, and hepatic steatosis.
Usages associés
Cardiovascular
Animal research shows that oral supplementation with Calanus oil decreases atherogenesis similarly to omega-3 fatty acids. It has been observed that supplementation with EPA + DHA was less effective in preventing atherosclerosis compared to Calanus oil treatment, indicating that molecules other than EPA and DHA are involved in preventing atherosclerosis-induced damage. In an animal study, Calanus oil supplementation also reduced the expression of several pro-inflammatory genes, such as ICAM, CCl2, and NF-kB, in the liver.
Usages associés
Safety dosage
Adult: 2 g - 4 g
The safety of Calanus oil for human consumption has been clinically evaluated, and there are no safety concerns regarding this new marine oil when consumed in the recommended quantities of 2g of calanus oil.
Precautions
Pregnant women: avoid
Avoid due to lack of data.
Breastfeeding women: avoid
Avoid due to lack of data.
