Hydroxytyrosol: Benefits, Dosage, Contraindications
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Phytosubstances
Indications
Rating methodology
EFSA approval.
Oxidative stress ✪✪✪✪✪
Several studies have shown that hydroxytyrosol is capable of scavenging peroxynitrite, thereby preventing DNA damage and nitration of protein 'tyrosine' residues, and hydroxytyrosol is also capable of protecting against lipid peroxidation and oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), known for their involvement in the development of atherosclerosis. The health claim, published by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), pertains only to olive oil that contains at least 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives (e.g., oleuropein complex and tyrosol) per 20 g of olive oil.
Posologie
Oral
5 - 15 mg
Antioxidant Effects of a Hydroxytyrosol-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation on Body Composition, Metabolic State, and Gene Expression: A Randomized Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial
Effects of postprandial hydroxytyrosol and derivates on oxidation of LDL, cardiometabolic state and gene expression: a nutrigenomic approach for cardiovascular prevention
Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to polyphenols in olive and protection of LDL particles from oxidative damage
Lipid balance ✪✪✪✪✪
Hydroxytyrosol is highly effective in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting LDL from oxidation. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has published a health claim regarding the role of olive oil polyphenols in protecting LDL against oxidation in vivo: "A daily intake of 20 g of olive oil, containing at least 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives (e.g., oleuropein and tyrosol), provides the expected beneficial effects". Additionally, olive oil is capable not only of increasing the resistance of LDL to oxidation but also decreasing the oxidative damage caused to LDL. Nevertheless, high phenolic content olive oils could have more significant effects than low phenolic content olive oils in reducing LDL oxidation. Overall, olive leaf extracts and olive oil can be beneficial in cases of dyslipidemia, particularly with elevated LDL-C, in conjunction with an adapted diet and/or cholesterol-lowering treatment.
Posologie
Oral
5 mg
Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to polyphenols in olive and protection of LDL particles from oxidative damage
Effects of Differing Phenolic Content in Dietary Olive Oils on Lipids and LDL Oxidation--A Randomized Controlled Trial
Metabolic syndrome ✪✪✪✪✪
Clinical research shows that hydroxytyrosol may improve insulin sensitivity in overweight and middle-aged men at risk of metabolic syndrome. However, a meta-analysis did not show effects on metabolic syndrome or glycemic profile. Most studies compared olive oil to other oils that have already demonstrated their beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome. Most of the evidence included in the meta-analysis agrees on a beneficial effect of olive oil on lipid profile. On the other hand, systolic blood pressure could be significantly reduced with the consumption of high phenolic content olive oil, primarily hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein.
Posologie
Oral
9.7 mg
Cardiovascular benefits of tyrosol and its endogenous conversion into hydroxytyrosol in humans. A randomized, controlled trial
Beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with olive oil, oleic acid, or hydroxytyrosol in metabolic syndrome: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Olive (Olea Europaea L.) Leaf Polyphenols Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Middle-Aged Overweight Men: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial
Atherosclerosis ✪✪✪✪✪
The phenolic compounds in olive oil, such as hydroxytyrosol, are responsible for its antioxidant properties. Hydroxytyrosol not only scavenges free radicals but also stimulates the synthesis and increases the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. It limits the peroxidation of LDL lipids, which has beneficial effects in preventing atherosclerosis. According to a randomized double-blind study, consumption of hydroxytyrosol and punicalagin (extracted from pomegranates) for 8 weeks could help reduce atherosclerotic markers. In fact, 105 people aged 45 to 65 consumed daily 9.9 mg of hydroxytyrosol, combined with 195 mg of punicalagin. This supplementation provided anti-atherogenic effects, resulting in a decrease in blood pressure and a decrease in circulating oxidized LDL cholesterol levels.
Posologie
Oral
9.9 mg
Synergies
Antioxidant Effects of a Hydroxytyrosol-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation on Body Composition, Metabolic State, and Gene Expression: A Randomized Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial
Supplementation with Hydroxytyrosol and Punicalagin Improves Early Atherosclerosis Markers Involved in the Asymptomatic Phase of Atherosclerosis in the Adult Population: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial
Properties
Cardiovascular
Hydroxytyrosol is highly effective in preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting LDL from oxidation. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has published a health claim regarding the role of olive oil polyphenols in protecting LDL against oxidation in vivo: "a daily intake of 20 g of olive oil, containing at least 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives (e.g. oleuropein and tyrosol), provides the expected beneficial effects". Hydroxytyrosol also exhibits a beneficial effect on high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Furthermore, it has been shown that Hydroxytyrosol enhances the expression of genes related to cholesterol efflux.
Usages associés
Antioxidant
Thanks to its two hydroxyl groups, hydroxytyrosol provides effective protection against oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells, erythrocytes, and hepatocytes by reducing lipid peroxidation, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, and monocyte adhesion. Other studies have shown that hydroxytyrosol is capable of scavenging peroxynitrite, thereby preventing DNA damage, and protecting against lipid peroxidation and oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), known for their involvement in the development of atherosclerosis. Moreover, it increases the activity and expression of antioxidant proteins such as glutathione peroxidase.
Usages associés
Hypoglycemic
It has been demonstrated that the improvement in glucose tolerance depends on the concentration of polyphenols and olive oil. Clinical trials on the impact of Hydroxytyrosol on carbohydrate metabolism are still lacking, but experiments on rodent models of metabolic syndrome suggest that Hydroxytyrosol may reduce plasma glucose concentration and insulin secretion, leading to a decrease in insulin resistance.
Usages associés
Anticancer
Hydroxytyrosol has an antiproliferative effect and induces apoptotic cell death by generating free radicals in human colon cancer cells. Furthermore, it has been shown that Hydroxytyrosol reduces the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor, which has been associated with decreased cell proliferation of human colon cancer cells and a reduction in tumor growth. Studies on the effect of Hydroxytyrosol on the cell lines of breast cancer, prostate, and colon revealed antiproliferative activity.
Anti-inflammatory
A beneficial role of Hydroxytyrosol in several inflammatory diseases has been suggested. Hydroxytyrosol may be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic inflammation, with a significant impact not only on chronic inflammation but also on acute inflammatory processes. The protective effects could be linked to the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-aB signaling pathways. Additionally, Hydroxytyrosol reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines with considerable blockage of different pathways related to inflammation. Hydroxytyrosol also has the potential to be a chondroprotective compound against osteoarthritis, as an inducer of autophagy and sirtuin-1 (an enzyme protein involved in various processes in the body, such as inflammation and apoptosis).
Usages associés
Safety dosage
Adult from 18 years: 5 mg
According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), a daily intake of 20 g of olive oil, containing at least 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives (e.g., oleuropein and tyrosol) provides the expected beneficial effects.
Interactions
Médicaments
Antidiabetic: moderate interaction
Theoretically, the concomitant use of olive could enhance hypoglycemic effects. Monitor blood glucose carefully.
Antihypertensive: moderate interaction
Theoretically, the concomitant use of olive may enhance the hypotensive effect. Some antihypertensive medications include Captopril, enalapril, Losartan, valsartan, Diltiazem, Amlodipine...
Precautions
Pregnant woman: avoid
Avoid due to lack of information.
Breastfeeding woman: avoid
Avoid due to lack of information.
