Cannabidiol, better known as CBD, is a natural substance derived from the hemp plant (or cannabis), just like THC (tetrahydrocannabinol).
Often the subject of misconceptions, CBD does not have the same psychoactive properties as its cousin THC, known for the euphoric effects associated with cannabis consumption.
Moreover, it is not classified as a narcotic and can be purchased over the counter online and in specialized shops since late 2020, in various forms: oils, capsules, infusions, or in bulk.
Appreciated for its relaxing properties, CBD is often recommended to ease tension and relieve stress. But what about its effectiveness against temporary or chronic pain? Here, I decipher what scientific studies have to say on this subject.
📚 Also read | Our review of the best CBD oils
How does CBD act against pain
Through its action on the endocannabinoid system
CBD acts on three levels to reduce pain signals, as shown in this study.
The body has an endocannabinoid system (ES), composed of CB1 and CB2 receptors and ligands (molecules that bind to an atom or protein to trigger a biological reaction) that bind to them. This ES acts as a major control center for cardiovascular function, mood, memory, immunity, etc.
This is fortunate because CBD is a phytocannabinoid, meaning it can interact with CB1 and CB2 receptors just like other molecules in the body.
However, it has an indirect action and does not bind directly to these receptors. In its action against pain, CBD would increase the levels of anandamide in the body, which is responsible for reducing the perception of pain signals.
Thus, the more anandamide in the body, the fewer pain signals there are!
By binding to vanilloid receptors
TRPV1 vanilloid receptors are known to be nociceptors, in other words, pain receptors.
When activated by certain vanilloid molecules, they allow the transmission of a nerve message resulting in a painful response and inflammation.
CBD acts by binding to these TRPV1 receptors, making them less sensitive to painful stimuli thereafter, and reducing the inflammatory response.
Studies are inconclusive
Effects on chronic and muscle pain
Several scientific studies have shown the potential of CBD to reduce pain associated with certain conditions or diseases.
A review from 2022 particularly shows a short-term improvement in chronic pain.
Another study reaches the same conclusion for musculoskeletal pain.
A recent study highlights its inefficacy
However, these studies have their limitations, and I think further larger-scale research is necessary to confirm these benefits.
Moreover, there are recent scientific studies that claim the inefficacy of these products.
How to use CBD in case of pain
Choosing the right product
In case of pain, various formulations are available: oils, creams, capsules, or CBD-based infusions can be considered.
They may be beneficial depending on your type of pain. I recommend:
- Fast-acting sublingual oils (in 15 to 30 minutes) for acute pain
- Creams and other topical balms for muscle and joint pain
- Extended-release capsules for slow action on chronic pain
- Infusions, with a milder effect, for mild pain and a relaxing effect
Properly dosing your CBD
If CBD is new to you, I advise you to start with a low dosage before gradually increasing according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
If you are on medication, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional beforehand. Use is also not recommended for pregnant and breastfeeding women due to lack of research.
Sources and scientific studies
- Bisogno T et al, 2001, Molecular targets for cannabidiol and its synthetic analogues: effect on vanilloid VR1 receptors and on the cellular uptake and enzymatic hydrolysis of anandamide.
- McDonagh MS et al., 2022, Cannabis-Based Products for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review.
- Boehnke KF et al., 2022, Cannabidiol (CBD) in Rheumatic Diseases (Musculoskeletal Pain).
- Moore A et Al., 2024, Cannabidiol (CBD) Products for Pain: Ineffective, Expensive, and With Potential Harms.
