Bromelain: Benefits, Dosage, Contraindications

Anti-inflammatory

Bromelain exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by altering leukocyte activation and inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins and bradykinins. However, it is still unclear whether this substance can reach sufficient concentrations to achieve this anti-inflammatory activity outside of the gastrointestinal tract. Indeed, plasma contains proteinase inhibitors that can inactivate bromelain. Moreover, clinical research shows that in healthy young adults, oral bromelain does not affect the chemokines and interleukin cytokines (IL) -2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, and MCP-1, but rather increases interferon-gamma compared to placebo. The increase in interferon gamma may play a role in the anti-inflammatory effects of bromelain. Furthermore, as a proteolytic enzyme, bromelain removes necrotic tissues and separates them from healthy tissues. Today, it is included in the preparation of medicinal creams and dressings to accelerate the healing of inflammations and the healing of skin wounds.

Usages associés

Antiplatelet/Anticoagulant

In vivo and in vitro research shows that bromelain is a powerful inhibitor of platelet aggregation. This effect may be due to an increase in plasmin. Plasmin is a proteolytic enzyme produced by the body whose role is to dissolve fibrin, a protein involved in the formation of blood clots.

Usages associés

Digestive Effect

Bromelain supplementation can facilitate the digestion of proteins. Bromelain is involved in the process of protein breakdown (proteolysis) like other proteolytic enzymes, such as trypsin and chymotrypsin produced by the pancreas. Indeed, it breaks the peptide bonds of proteins to decompose them into smaller pieces. Studies dedicated to bromelain and its action on digestion are still few. However, initial results obtained are encouraging. A study published in 2008 concludes that "plant-derived enzymes, such as pineapple-derived bromelain, are effective digestive aids for protein breakdown". Therefore, bromelain could compensate for pancreatic insufficiency.

Usages associés

Immunomodulator

In a study on mice, bromelain simultaneously enhanced and inhibited certain aspects of T cell responses. In a human study, bromelain supplementation increased the cytotoxicity of monocytes in people with reduced activity. It also stimulated the secretion of interleukin 1-beta by monocytes and reduced CD44 expression. Bromelain appears to act as a signaling molecule, capable of influencing various cell signaling cascades, many of which are important for cell survival.

Wound Healing

The removal of damaged or dead tissue (wound debridement) exposes healthy tissue, promotes healing, and provides a clear base for skin grafting. Debridement can be performed surgically, chemically, or using enzymes, such as bromelain, which operate without destroying the underlying healthy tissues. Bromelain's ability to aid in wound debridement is based on its ability to hydrolyze proteins into oligopeptides and amino acids.

Usages associés

Anticancer

Studies show that bromelain acts as an immunomodulator by inducing the production of cytokines (such as interleukin-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, as well as tumor necrosis factor-γ), and increasing the immunocytotoxicity of monocytes against tumor cells. Animal studies also suggest anti-metastatic properties with an inhibition of tumor cell growth. An in vitro study on glioma cells (primary brain tumor) showed that bromelain significantly and reversibly reduced the adhesion, migration, and invasion of glioma cells.

Anti-aging

As we age, various degenerative diseases appear, especially after the age of 50. The aging process is accompanied by a decline in hormone secretion, immune system function, and enzyme production. Aging symptoms could be, at least partially, the result of these enzyme reductions. It has been demonstrated that bromelain combats arthritis, high blood pressure, cancer, and many other disorders associated with aging. It is also effective against wrinkles. Bromelain is widely incorporated into lotions, creams, scrubs, facial masks, and other skin care products, where it helps remove dead skin cells.