Iodine: Benefits, Dosage, Contraindications
Other name(s)
I
Family or group:
Minerals and trace elements
Indications
Rating methodology
EFSA approval.
Iodine deficiency ✪✪✪✪✪
The slightest iodine deficiency leads to severe functional abnormalities through disruption of basic metabolism due to a decrease in thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism): fatigue, a tendency to coldness, slight weight gain, thin and brittle hair. Iodine deficiency manifests as a thyroid goiter, growth retardation, mental disorders (cretinism), and slowed brain development, especially in children under the age of 2. This deficiency can also cause reduced fertility, increased miscarriages, and perinatal mortality. The daily recommended dose according to the EFSA varies by age, from 70 µg/day to a maximum of 600 µg/day.
Posologie
Oral
150 - 600 µg
potassium iodide
Thyroid balance ✪✪✪✪✪
Iodine contributes to the normal production of thyroid hormones and the normal function of the thyroid. In fact, the human thyroid gland concentrates about 30% of the body's iodine for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormones (thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)) that control numerous biochemical reactions. Iodine deficiency or excess leads to thyroid insufficiency.
Posologie
Oral
150 - 600 µg
Adults
Iodine-deficiency disorders
Potassium iodide in dermatology: a 19th-century drug for the 21st century-uses, pharmacology, adverse effects, and contraindications
Value and pitfalls in iodine fortification and supplementation in the 21st century
Iodine: deficiency and therapeutic considerations
Child development ✪✪✪✪✪
Iodine contributes to normal intellectual functions, normal nervous system function, and normal growth in children. In fact, iodine deficiency results in growth retardation, mental disorders (cretinism), and slowed brain development, especially in children under 2 years old.
Posologie
Oral
70 - 500 µg
Children
Potassium iodide in dermatology: a 19th-century drug for the 21st century-uses, pharmacology, adverse effects, and contraindications
Scientific Opinion on the Substantiation of a health claim related to Iodine and the growth of children pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006
Value and pitfalls in iodine fortification and supplementation in the 21st century
Iodine: deficiency and therapeutic considerations
Fetal development ✪✪✪✪✪
Significant iodine deficiency during intrauterine life leads to abnormal brain growth and maturation, resulting in cretinism.
Posologie
Oral
200 - 600 µg
Pregnant women
Potassium iodide in dermatology: a 19th-century drug for the 21st century-uses, pharmacology, adverse effects, and contraindications
Does maternal iodine supplementation during lactation have a positive impact on neurodevelopment of children? Three-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial
Value and pitfalls in iodine fortification and supplementation in the 21st century
Iodine: deficiency and therapeutic considerations
Cognitive performance ✪✪✪✪✪
It has been suggested that iodine deficiency, particularly in children and young adults, leads to the regulation of certain brain proteins in specific brain regions, a reduction in the mRNA expression of axons of the anterior commissure, and a change in dendrite size, potentially causing premature cell apoptosis. Moreover, iodine deficiency can lead to a reduction in cerebellar cell size and decreased myelination throughout the central nervous system, which can be linked to brain atrophy and white matter lesions. One study highlighted an interesting link between low iodine intake and atrophy of brain interior, represented by large ventricles. The WHO describes a wide range of disorders due to iodine deficiency, including delayed mental and physical development in children and adolescents, as well as impaired mental functions and reduced cognitive abilities in people of all ages.
Posologie
Oral
150 µg
Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to iodine and contribution to normal cognitive and neurological function (ID 273), contribution to normal energy-yielding metabolism (ID 402), and contribution to normal thyroid function and production of thyroid hormones (ID 1237) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006
Leg ulcer ✪✪✪✪✪
The analysis of clinical studies suggests that the application of cadexomer iodine to venous leg ulcers for 4 to 6 weeks, along with compression, increases the rate of complete healing compared to standard treatment. However, the use of cadexomer iodine was associated with more adverse effects than standard care.
Posologie
Cutaneous route
6 - weeks
cadexomer iodine, povidone-iodine
Wound ✪✪✪✪✪
Iodine has been used for over a century as a topical antiseptic in the treatment of superficial wounds and is still widely used for this indication. It's a very effective means of disinfecting intact skin and minor wounds. Povidone-iodine preparations have replaced older iodine solutions and are now the most commonly used form. The results of a systematic review of 27 randomized clinical trials concerning wound care in chronic and acute conditions have shown that iodine has equivalent or superior benefits to other types of dressings (paraffin dressings, dextranomer, or zinc paste) and other antiseptic agents (silver sulfadiazine cream or chlorhexidine dressings). The studies also noted that the use of topical iodine did not affect thyroid function, did not cause allergic reactions, and did not reduce the speed of wound healing.
Posologie
Cutaneous route
povidone-iodine
Mastalgia ✪✪✪✪✪
A placebo-controlled trial showed that taking molecular iodine at a dose of 3 to 6 mg per day for 5 months significantly reduces breast pain and tenderness in women with cyclic mastalgia.
Posologie
Oral route
3 - 6 mg
5 - months
Women
molecular iodine
Fibrocystic breast disease ✪✪✪✪✪
Clinical research shows that iodine intake significantly improves both subjective and objective symptoms of fibrocystic breast disease, including pain and fibrosis. Molecular iodine appears to be more effective and better tolerated than other forms. Molecular iodine has been used at a dose of 70-90 mcg / kg per day for 4-18 months.
Posologie
Oral route
4.9 - 6 mg
18 - months
Women
molecular iodine
Properties
Essential
Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. In fact, the human thyroid gland concentrates about 30% of the body's iodine for thyroid hormone synthesis. Lesser amounts of iodine are found in the salivary glands, breasts, choroid plexus, and gastric mucosa. Iodine is a vital component of thyroid hormones (thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)) that control numerous biochemical reactions, including protein synthesis and enzymatic processes, and are responsible for myelination of the developing central nervous system. In people with hyperthyroidism, iodine inhibits the release and synthesis of thyroid hormone. Iodine deficiency or excess leads to thyroid insufficiency. Significant iodine deficiency during intrauterine life leads to abnormal brain growth and maturation, resulting in cretinism. As such, iodine is the trace element whose deficit most affects human life.
Usages associés
Antibacterial
Iodine is used topically as an antiseptic, in alcohol (iodine tincture) or as iodinated polyvidone (Betadine®). It can oxidize organic substrates and kill microorganisms.
Usages associés
Hormonal Metabolism
In euthyroid individuals (those with normal thyroid function), normal doses of iodine have no significant effect, whereas higher pharmacological doses seem to have a transient suppressive effect. Specifically, 500 µg of iodine or more (in addition to the diet) appears to have a mild inhibitory effect on thyroid function in otherwise healthy individuals, consequently decreasing T3 and T4 (thyroid hormones) with an increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
Usages associés
Neurological
Thyroid hormone is responsible for myelination of the developing central nervous system. Consequently, iodine deficiency is associated with an intellectual deficiency, which in some cases can be severe.
Usages associés
Antioxidant
In certain tissues, iodine can have an antioxidant effect. It is thought that in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, peroxidase, and certain unsaturated fatty acids, iodine donates an electron, thereby reducing the damage caused by oxygen free radicals.
Safety dosage
Infant from 7 to 11 months: 70 µg
Child from 1 to 3 years: 90 µg - 200 µg
Child from 4 to 6 years: 90 µg - 250 µg
Child from 7 to 10 years: 90 µg - 300 µg
Child from 11 to 14 years: 120 µg - 450 µg
Child from 15 to 17 years: 130 µg - 500 µg
Adult from 18 years: 150 µg - 600 µg
Pregnant woman from 18 years: 200 µg - 600 µg
Breastfeeding woman from 18 years: 200 µg - 600 µg
Interactions
Médicaments
Antithyroid: strong interaction
The concomitant use of antithyroid agents and iodine can enhance the antithyroid effect and lead to hypothyroidism.
Antihypertensive: moderate interaction
Antihypertensives belonging to the class of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and to the class of angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs) can increase potassium levels. The concomitant use of these drugs and potassium iodide increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Diuretics: moderate interaction
Potassium-sparing diuretics can increase potassium levels. The concomitant use of these drugs and potassium iodide increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Amiodarone: moderate interaction
Amiodarone contains iodine. The concomitant use of iodine and amiodarone may increase iodine levels and lead to altered thyroid function.
Lithium: moderate interaction
Lithium can inhibit thyroid function. The concomitant use of iodine and lithium may have synergistic hypothyroid effects.
