Sea Buckthorn: benefits, dosage, contraindications

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Sea buckthorn is a thorny shrub from the Elaeagnaceae family, native to temperate zones of Europe and Asia. This shrub can grow up to 3 meters tall and is known for its bright orange fruits, sea buckthorn berries, which are not only edible but also extremely nutritious. These berries are exceptionally rich in vitamin C and contain a multitude of vitamins such as A, B1, B2, E, F, K, and P, as well as essential minerals like iron, calcium, and magnesium. Historically, sea buckthorn has been valued in various medicinal traditions around the world, including ancient Greece, the Roman Empire, Mongolia, Tibet, and Russia. The therapeutic uses of sea buckthorn berries are numerous, ranging from using them in phytotherapy to revitalize the body and combat fatigue, to cosmetic applications for the skin due to their content of essential fatty acids and antioxidants. The plant is especially famous for its oil, extracted from the seeds and pulp of the fruits, rich in antioxidants and varying according to the extraction process. This oil is commonly used for its beneficial effects on the skin, notably in treating burns, healing, and various dermatoses like psoriasis and eczema. Today, sea buckthorn is primarily cultivated for its berries, which are a rich source of vitamin C, providing about 400 mg for every 100 grams of fruit.

Other name(s) 

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Scientific name(s)

Hippophae rhamnoides

Family or group: 

Plants

Active ingredients:

Vitamin C


Indications

Rating methodology

EFSA approval.

Several clinical trials (> 2) randomized controlled with double blind, including a significant number of patients (>100) with consistently positive outcomes for the indication.
Several clinical trials (> 2) randomized controlled with double blind, and including a significant number of patients (>100) with positive outcomes for the indication.
One or more randomized studies or multiple cohorts or epidemiological studies with positive outcomes for the indication.
Clinical studies exist but are uncontrolled, with conclusions that may be positive or contradictory.
Lack of clinical studies to date that can demonstrate the indication.


Burns
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In a triple-blind randomized clinical study, the efficacy of sea buckthorn cream for the treatment of second-degree burns was compared to that of 1% silver sulfadiazine (SSD) dressings. The study included 55 patients with second-degree burns, randomly assigned into two groups, one treated with sea buckthorn cream and the other with SSD cream. Dressings were changed until complete healing of the wounds, followed using the Bates-Jensen wound assessment tool. Results revealed that the healing time for second-degree burns was significantly shorter for the group treated with sea buckthorn cream, with an average of 6.7 days, compared to the group treated with SSD, where healing took an average of 11.2 days. This statistically significant difference demonstrates a superior clinical efficacy of sea buckthorn cream in treating second-degree burns.

Posologie

posologieTopically: seed, berries

formulationoil, cream


Cold
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Sea buckthorn is known for its high vitamin C content, with about 400 mg per 100 grams of fruit, making it an important source of antioxidants. Traditionally, it is used to strengthen the immune system and combat infections such as the common cold. However, clinical research conducted on healthy volunteers has not demonstrated a clear efficacy of sea buckthorn in preventing or reducing the duration of common cold symptoms. In this study, daily consumption of 28 g of frozen sea buckthorn berry puree for 90 days did not show a significant difference compared to a placebo in reducing the risk of developing a cold or in the duration of symptoms.

Posologie

posologieOrally: berries

posologie30 mL

formulationjuice


Dermatoses
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Initial clinical research reveals mixed results regarding the use of sea buckthorn seed and pulp oil to treat dermatoses. One study suggests that daily consumption of 5 g of sea buckthorn seed and pulp oil for four months may improve the severity of atopic dermatitis, although the efficacy of seed oil alone is not confirmed, and the efficacy of pulp oil is not significantly different from placebo. Furthermore, topical application of sea buckthorn cream at 10% or 20% for four weeks did not reduce the severity of atopic dermatitis in mild to moderate cases. However, a small clinical study showed that applying a sea buckthorn fruit extract in corn oil twice a day for eight weeks reduced the severity of psoriatic lesions compared to corn oil alone.

Posologie

posologieTopically: berries, seed

formulationfluid extract, oil


Wrinkles
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Preliminary clinical research on individuals with photo-induced facial damage and severe fine lines examined the effects of a specific combined product (GliSODin Skin Nutrients Advanced Anti-Aging Formula, Isocell North America Inc.). Taken as a capsule three times a day for 90 days, in addition to applying 0.1% tazarotene cream, this treatment improved the appearance of wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, and sun damage compared to using tazarotene cream alone. Each dose of three capsules contains 200 mg of sea buckthorn berry oil, 600 mg of krill oil, 10 mg of zinc, 400 IU of vitamin D, 100 mg of cocoa bean extract, 30 mg of hyaluronic acid, 30 mg of red clover flower isoflavones, and 500 mg of melon extract (SOD).

Posologie

posologieOrally: berries, seed

posologie200 mg

formulationGLISODIN®, oil


Synergies


Healthy Aging
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The study published in Clinical Interventions in Aging in 2019 examined the effects of a polyphenol-rich extract from sea buckthorn berries on stem cell mobilization in healthy human subjects. The randomized double-blind trial involved taking 500 mg of the extract and measured the increase of specific types of stem cells in the blood. The results showed a rapid and selective mobilization of several types of stem cells, including endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells, which could contribute to tissue regeneration and repair. These observations may explain the traditional use of sea buckthorn for preventive health and slowing the aging process, highlighting its potential in possible applications in regenerative medicine.

Posologie

posologieOral: berries

posologie500 mg

formulationdry extract


Properties


Antioxidant

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Numerous laboratory studies, animal studies, and human studies have highlighted the antioxidant activity of sea buckthorn. This property might explain its potential beneficial effect on various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, immune disorders, inflammatory diseases, liver disorders, radiation-induced injuries, ocular disorders, and chemotherapy-related toxicity. Sea buckthorn flavonoids, in particular, are recognized for their ability to neutralize free radicals and protect against oxidative stress and radiation.

Usages associés

Cold

Anti-aging

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Traditionally used to slow down the aging process and promote regeneration, sea buckthorn, thanks to an extract rich in proanthocyanidins, mobilizes stem cells involved in regeneration, including certain types of stem cells.

Usages associés

Healthy Aging

Cardiovascular

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Sea buckthorn flavonoids are reputed for lowering cholesterol, reducing inflammation, and decreasing platelet aggregation, thereby contributing to the reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. In healthy volunteers, the consumption of sea buckthorn berry puree significantly reduced CRP, an inflammation marker.


Anti-inflammatory

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In both healthy subjects and obese patients, sea buckthorn berries and oil have demonstrated their ability to reduce concentrations of C-reactive protein.


Dermatological Effect

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Sea buckthorn promotes wound healing. Animal studies and some human data suggest that its extracts protect cells against peroxidative lipid injuries and enhance epithelial tissue regeneration and wound granulation, thus increasing blood flow to injured areas.

Usages associés

Burns, Dermatoses, Wrinkles


Safety dosage

Adult from 12 years: 30 mL (juice)

Sea buckthorn can be consumed in the form of juice or sea buckthorn concentrate, sea buckthorn berry oil, or sea buckthorn seed oil. - Juice: 30 mL every morning; - Oil: 1/2 teaspoon per day.

Child from 1 to 12 years:

Oral consumption of sea buckthorn appears safe for children when used properly, with doses of 5 to 15 g per day for up to 8 weeks in children aged 1 to 7 years.


Precautions

Pregnant woman: use with caution

Consumption in dietary doses.

Breastfeeding woman: use with caution

Consumption in dietary doses.


Contraindications

Gallstones: prohibited

Sea buckthorn oil should not be used in the case of gallstones due to its choleretic effect.