Serine: Benefits, Dosage, Contraindications

Serine is a non-essential amino acid, naturally present in the body and abundantly found in various protein-rich foods, such as meat, eggs, dairy products, soy, and peanuts. Synthesized in the body from glycine and 3-phosphoglycerate, a metabolic intermediate, it plays a key role in several biological processes. Historically, its importance has been recognized due to its involvement in protein and lipid metabolism. More recently, its role as a precursor of essential molecules like phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin, components of cell membranes, has been highlighted. Serine exists in two active forms: L-serine and D-serine, which differ in their molecular orientation and roles in the body. L-serine is the predominant form in diet and human metabolism, where it contributes to many essential biological functions. D-serine, produced in small amounts from L-serine by an enzyme, plays a key role in the central nervous system. These two forms, while similar, possess distinct properties. L-serine is essential for the synthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids involved in cell division and DNA repair. Furthermore, it partakes in the production of essential neurotransmitters like serotonin, often referred to as the "happiness hormone." This plays an important role in mood regulation, stress, and sleep, positioning L-serine as a potential agent in improving circadian cycles and sleep quality. Finally, D-serine, its derived form, is particularly active in the central nervous system. It works in collaboration with glutamate to stimulate certain brain receptors called NMDA receptors, necessary for strengthening neuronal connections and memory. These properties make it a promising pathway for the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders like schizophrenia, cognitive disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases.