The evening primrose (or Oenothera biennis) is a plant native to North America.
Although its small yellow flowers open at night, earning it the name “evening primrose,” it is the seeds that interest us the most because they contain a nutrient-rich oil.
This pale yellow evening primrose oil is primarily composed of:
- gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6
- linoleic acid (LA), another essential omega-6
- vitamin E, an antioxidant
Can this composition be beneficial for women going through menopause? I explore in this article what studies say on the subject.
Effects on Key Symptoms of Menopause
Anti-inflammatory Properties
Scientific research has focused on this oil for its benefits related to menopause, thanks to its anti-inflammatory effects.
The GLA contained in the oil is metabolized in the body into another molecule, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA). This molecule plays a key role as it is converted into prostaglandin E1 under the action of the enzyme Cyclooxygenase (COX).
This type of prostaglandin possesses significant anti-inflammatory properties, but also helps to balance certain hormonal functions by acting on the modulation of cellular signals.
It is mainly due to these mechanisms that evening primrose oil is reputed to improve symptoms in peri-menopause and menopause.
A Reduction in Hot Flashes
Hot flashes and night sweats are very common symptoms during this transitional period in a woman’s life: 70% of them are affected according to the Ministry of Health.
Some scientific studies have shown that regular intake of evening primrose oil can reduce the severity of night sweats.
This other scientific review highlights its action to soothe daytime hot flashes.
More Elastic and Hydrated Skin
During menopause, the decline in estrogen and progesterone causes an increased reduction in the production of natural collagen, hyaluronic acid, as well as sebum synthesis, the mixture of lipids that contributes to the skin barrier.
As a result, wrinkles appear on the face and skin. Less protected, it dehydrates and dries out due to trans-epidermal water loss.
The use of evening primrose oil rich in omega-6 (GLA and LA) has been shown to be beneficial in some studies for improving firmer and more supple skin.
We can also assume that the presence of vitamin E, a powerful antioxidant, has positive effects as it limits the negative impact of free radicals on the epidermis, and slows premature skin aging.
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An Aid for Preventing Osteoporosis
One of the major risks during menopause is osteoporosis, characterized by a decrease in bone density and overall bone quality.
As with most symptoms, it is the decline in estrogen that causes it, as they play a role in the balance between bone resorption and bone construction.
The anti-inflammatory action of evening primrose oil may reduce chronic inflammation, which would benefit in limiting the activity of osteoclasts. These are responsible for the degradation of bone tissue.
In parallel, gamma-linolenic acid may indirectly aid in better absorption of calcium and vitamin D.
How to Use Evening Primrose Oil During Menopause?
As a Dietary Supplement
To fully benefit from the effects of evening primrose oil on menopause symptoms, I recommend taking it in the form of capsules or tablets.
Dosage varies from manufacturer to manufacturer, so I recommend referring to what is indicated on the packaging.
However, the following dosage is often found in the case of menopause: 1000 mg to 3000 mg.
Topical use
To soothe dry and irritated skin areas, you can also use evening primrose oil as a local application.
Simply apply a few drops to the affected area and gently massage.
Evening primrose oil or borage oil?
Evening primrose oil and borage oil are often compared for their beneficial effects on menopause. And it’s logical: both contain the renowned gamma-linolenic acid.
However, borage oil is more concentrated in GLA, but it is less well tolerated from a digestive standpoint.
Both oils can sometimes be taken simultaneously to enhance their effects.
Sources and scientific studies
- Kazemi F et Al, 2021,The Effect of Evening Primrose Oil Capsule on Hot Flashes and Night Sweats in Postmenopausal Women: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.
- Ghazanfarpour M et Al, 2016,The efficacy of Iranian herbal medicines in alleviating hot flashes: A systematic review.
- Muggli R., 2005,Systemic evening primrose oil improves the biophysical skin parameters of healthy adults.
- Kruger MC et Al, 1998,Calcium, gamma-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation in senile osteoporosis.
