Hypercholesterolemia: Most Effective Dietary Supplements

Hypercholesterolemia refers to a too high cholesterol level in the blood, particularly "bad" LDL cholesterol (low-density lipoproteins). This imbalance can be linked to genetic factors, such as familial hypercholesterolemia, or lifestyle factors, such as diet and physical activity.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is based on blood tests that measure total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol), HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol), and triglycerides. In cases of suspected familial hypercholesterolemia, genetic tests may be necessary to confirm a genetic abnormality. The criteria of the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) are sometimes used to assess the risk, but genetic testing is the definitive diagnosis.

Risk Factors

The main factors that increase the risk of developing hypercholesterolemia are: • Genetic Factors: Some people inherit a hereditary form called familial hypercholesterolemia, caused by mutations in the LDLR, APOB, or PCSK9 genes. • Lifestyle: A diet high in saturated fats, sedentary behavior, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption can worsen the problem. • Medical Conditions: Obesity, diabetes, hypothyroidism, or renal problems such as nephrotic syndrome may also play a role.

Complications

If hypercholesterolemia is not controlled, it can lead to serious complications. Excess cholesterol deposits in the arteries, forming plaques that narrow blood vessels and increase the risks of: • Coronary heart diseases (heart attacks) • Strokes (CVA) • Peripheral arterial diseases • Heart failure

Treatment

The treatment combines lifestyle changes and medications to reduce cholesterol levels:Lifestyle Changes: • Adopting a healthier diet, low in saturated fats and cholesterol, but high in fiber and unsaturated fats (such as omega-3). • Increasing regular physical activity. • Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption. • Losing weight in case of overweight or obesity. Medications: • Statins: First-line medications that reduce LDL cholesterol production by the liver. • Ezetimibe: Decreases cholesterol absorption in the intestine and is often used with statins. • Resins: These medications help eliminate cholesterol via the intestine, though less often used. • PCSK9 Inhibitors: Used in severe cases of hypercholesterolemia, especially if statins are not effective enough.

Prevention

The prevention of hypercholesterolemia relies on the same principles as treatment: • Having a balanced diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats. • Exercising regularly. • Not smoking and limiting alcohol. • Regularly monitoring cholesterol levels, particularly if family members suffer from hypercholesterolemia.