Immune Support: Most Effective Dietary Supplements

The immune system is a collection of biological mechanisms that allow the body to defend itself against infections and external aggressions, including pathogens like viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. It consists of two main types of responses: innate immunity, which is immediate, and adaptive immunity, which develops more slowly and offers immune memory.

Mechanisms of Immunity

Innate Immunity Innate immunity is the first line of defense for the body and acts quickly in case of infection. It relies on specific cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, which recognize and eliminate pathogens. It also triggers an inflammatory response, characterized by the release of cytokines, molecules that attract other immune cells to the site of infection to strengthen the defense. Adaptive Immunity Adaptive immunity is more complex and takes a few days to set up. It is specific to each pathogen encountered and primarily involves T and B lymphocytes. These cells differentiate to specifically recognize the antigens of infectious agents and produce antibodies to neutralize them. An essential characteristic of adaptive immunity is immune memory, which allows the body to respond more quickly and effectively in case of re-exposure to the same pathogen.

At-Risk Populations

Certain situations weaken the immune system and require special attention to maintain effective defense against infections. Among the most common factors: • Advanced Age: As we age, the immune system's ability to respond to infections decreases, making older individuals more vulnerable to viral and bacterial diseases. • Chronic Stress: Stress, especially when prolonged, releases cortisol, a hormone that, in excess, weakens the immune response by reducing the activity of defense cells such as lymphocytes. • Nutritional Deficiencies: Insufficient intake of vitamins (especially vitamins C and D) and minerals (such as zinc and magnesium), can compromise the effectiveness of the immune system. • Certain Chronic Diseases: Diabetes, chronic respiratory disorders, among others, weaken the immune response and increase the risk of infections. • Use of Certain Medications: Corticosteroids and treatments for autoimmune diseases reduce immune activity and make infections more likely. • Suboptimal Lifestyles: Smoking, alcoholism, lack of physical activity, and poor sleep hygiene negatively impact immune health.

Boosting Immunity

Plants and trace elements can play an important role in supporting and strengthening the immune system: Herbal Medicine Certain plants are recognized for their immunostimulant effects. For example, echinacea stimulates the production of cytokines and activates macrophages, thus strengthening the innate defenses. Elderberry is known for its immunostimulant and antiviral effects. Studies have shown that elderberry extract is effective against certain flu viruses, like H1N1, by reducing their presence in the respiratory tract. Additionally, it stimulates the production of specific antibodies, notably IgA in bronchoalveolar fluid and IgG in serum, enhancing the immune response against respiratory infections. Trace Elements Elements like zinc, copper, selenium, and magnesium are essential for the normal functioning of the immune system. Zinc supports the function of lymphocytes and improves resistance to infections. For children and the elderly, zinc and magnesium intakes can strengthen immunity and reduce the frequency of infections.