Restless Leg Syndrome: Most Effective Dietary Supplements

Restless Leg Syndrome is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by an overwhelming urge to move the lower limbs, often accompanied by unpleasant sensations such as tingling or burning. These sensations primarily occur at rest and intensify in the evening or during the night, but they are partially relieved by movement. This syndrome can also affect other parts of the body, such as the upper limbs, although the legs are most frequently involved.

Pathophysiology

The pathophysiological mechanism of Restless Leg Syndrome is not yet fully elucidated, but several hypotheses emphasize a dysfunction of the dopaminergic system as well as iron metabolism disorders.

Epidemiology

Restless Leg Syndrome affects between 7.2% and 11.5% of the general population in Western countries. In France, around 8.5% of the population is affected, with a higher prevalence among women, especially after the age of 45. The risk of developing this syndrome increases with age, and in some cases, symptoms may appear as early as childhood or adolescence. It is also more frequent in people suffering from iron deficiency, end-stage renal disease, or pregnant women.

Symptoms

The main symptoms include unpleasant sensations in the legs, such as tingling, itching, or burning, accompanied by an uncontrollable urge to move the limbs. These sensations mainly occur at rest, particularly in the evening and at night, and are relieved by movement. Patients often suffer from sleep disturbances, which affects their quality of life.

Etiologies

Restless Leg Syndrome can be idiopathic (without an identifiable cause) or secondary to other conditions. Secondary forms are frequently associated with iron deficiencies, peripheral neuropathies, chronic kidney failure, and pregnancy. Iron metabolism disorders, particularly low ferritin levels, are strongly implicated in the development of this syndrome. It is also frequently observed in individuals with diabetic neuropathies.

Treatment

Treatment is based on the use of dopaminergic agents such as pramipexole and ropinirole, which are often effective in relieving symptoms. In patients with iron deficiency, iron supplements may be prescribed. Other therapeutic options include anticonvulsants and, in more severe cases, opioids. Treatment is adjusted according to the severity of symptoms and any potential comorbidities.