Wrinkles: Most Effective Dietary Supplements

Skin aging is a natural process marked by visible changes such as wrinkles, skin sagging, and the appearance of pigment spots. This phenomenon is influenced by internal (genetic, hormonal) and external factors (UV exposure, pollution, tobacco). The skin undergoes a gradual reduction in its elasticity and firmness from the age of 25, although the signs become more visible from 35-40 years. Once wrinkles are formed, they never disappear spontaneously, making it essential to prevent them by moisturizing the skin daily and taking care of one’s diet.

Mechanisms of Skin Aging

It all begins in the dermis, a deep layer of the skin that ensures its elasticity, resistance, and cohesion. It is based on an extracellular matrix composed of protein fibers, glycoproteins, hyaluronic acid, and water. Collagen (mainly type I) represents about 70% of this matrix and forms fiber bundles to ensure the structure and solidity of the dermis. Elastin (about 2%) plays a role in the flexibility of the skin thanks to its three-dimensional network. These fibers are synthesized by fibroblasts and degraded under the action of enzymes called metalloproteinases. With age and the effect of UV rays, the production of matrix metalloproteinases is increased. These enzymes degrade collagen and elastin fibers, thus reducing the density and cohesion of the dermis. At the same time, oxidative stress reduces the ability of fibroblasts to synthesize new collagen fibers. The loss of the skin's natural hydration and the slowing of cell regeneration also contribute to the appearance of thinner and more fragile skin. It is also important to highlight the importance of hormonal action (notably estrogens) in preventing skin aging. Indeed, estrogens increase the activity of fibroblasts in the dermis, promote the synthesis of collagen, and stimulate the production of hyaluronic acid, known for its moisturizing properties.

Skin Aging Treatments

The management of skin aging is based on strategies combining external and internal care to improve the appearance of the skin and prevent signs of aging. Among external solutions, retinoids (such as retinol) are widely used to reduce the appearance of wrinkles. Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHA), such as glycolic acid, promote exfoliation, improve skin texture, and increase cell renewal. More advanced treatments include chemical peels and microneedling, which promote skin regeneration by stimulating collagen production. Lasers and intense pulsed light technologies also target pigment irregularities and wrinkles, thereby strengthening skin elasticity. Internally, the hydrolyzed collagen has shown promising effects in improving skin hydration and density. Phytoestrogens, present in soy or flaxseeds, contribute to maintaining the skin's elasticity. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish, offer protection against chronic inflammation and damage related to free radicals. Finally, trace elements such as silicon, zinc, and copper play a key role in preventing premature aging, contributing to the quality, integrity, and elasticity of the skin.